A 2024 scientific review examines lycopene—the red pigment responsible for the vibrant color of tomatoes—and highlights its powerful biological activity. Lycopene is classified as one of the strongest natural antioxidants among carotenoids. According to research summarized in this review, lycopene possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and potentially protective effects against several chronic diseases.

One of the most important findings is the difference in bioavailability. While raw tomatoes contain significant amounts of lycopene, the human body absorbs lycopene much more efficiently from processed tomato products, including tomato paste, tomato sauce, canned tomatoes, and cooked tomato dishes. Heat processing converts lycopene into forms that are easier for the body to absorb.

The review highlights several major health-related benefits:

1. Cardiovascular Health

Studies suggest an association between higher dietary lycopene and a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases. Lycopene may help protect blood vessels, reduce oxidative stress, and improve cholesterol balance.

2. Anti-Cancer Potential

Research indicates that lycopene may reduce the risk of certain types of cancers, especially prostate cancer, by neutralizing free radicals and reducing inflammatory processes. While lycopene is not a medical treatment, its protective properties are widely recognized in nutritional science.

3. Anti-Inflammatory Effects

Lycopene may decrease markers of inflammation in the body. Chronic inflammation is linked to numerous metabolic disorders, and foods rich in lycopene—particularly tomato paste—can support a healthier inflammatory response.

4. Eye, Skin, and Cellular Health

The antioxidant effects of lycopene help protect cells from oxidative damage. Some studies indicate potential benefits for skin protection (against UV damage) and eye health.

5. Tomato Paste as a Superior Source of Lycopene

Heat processing breaks down plant cell walls and transforms lycopene into more bioavailable isomers. As a result, products like tomato paste contain lycopene that is up to 2–3 times more absorbable than raw tomatoes.

This 2024 review reinforces the nutritional significance of tomato-derived foods in a balanced diet and highlights why tomato paste is considered one of the richest, most efficient dietary sources of lycopene.